Federal Minimum Wage - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 753 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Minimum Wage Essay Did you like this example? I think if we were to increase the federal minimum wage in the United States it would be an awful thing for our economy as a whole. There are many facts that prove an increase in the minimum wage would hurt our economy. According to Christopher Ingraham the minimum wage in California has gradually been increasing since 2006. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Federal Minimum Wage" essay for you Create order The minimum wage in California is projected to hit $15 in 2022 which is concerning to the people that live there. Since the increase in minimum wage, California has experienced a decline in their amount of workers by 10% and it is expected to rise as federal minimum wage increases ( Ingraham, Christopher. What Does a $15 Minimum Wage Do to the Economy? Economists Are Starting to Find out. The Washington Post, WP Company, 11 Jan. 2018 ). Millions of jobs are expected to be lost by 2024 when every state is projected to have $15 minimum wage. Even though it makes sense to raise minimum wage in California because of living expenses it will end up hurting them in the long run. The loss of millions of jobs is not the only bad thing about raising minimum wage. It will also cause the price of products to spike drastically and tax will increase when the minimum wage is increased. There have been many occasions where states have stated that employers have reduced their hours, for example Seattle. Many states already have a set minimum wage that is higher than the federal wage because they have forced it to be set higher than the federal wage. The federal minimum wage is $7.25 and many states like Minnesota have a minimum wage for their state that is actually higher than the federal wage. If the federal minimum wage were to go up to $15 we would see a decrease in the number workers who earn minimum wage and they wont be wanting to go to college and get a higher education to work their way towards a higher paying job because they can happily live off their $15 an hour. Workers making minimum wage wouldnt have any drive to improve their skills and get a better education. This will essentially lower the number of people going to college after high school and it would hurt our economy because our work force would be full of workers with no post secondary education. In the long run this will end up creating more problems and we could see things like colleges shutting down and many other bad things. According to the Pew Research Center only a small portion of those living in the United States are earning minimum wage. Majority of the workers that are earning this pay are teenagers in high school and college that are working at part time jobs that will help them make money for things like spending and money for college. Those who are working full time at these low paying jobs are those who dropped out of high school or those who chose not to go to college. Raising the minimum wage will only benefit those working at those low paying job and will essentially be hurting the rest of society that is already earning more than the minimum wage. People pushing for minimum wage to go up just want fairness, but according to someone attending Rutgers University what is considered fair is completely opinion based which is completely true. For example LeBron James of the Los Angeles Lakers makes 35.65 million dollars and his teammate Lonzo Ball makes 7.48 million. LeBron James is arguably one of the best players to ever play the game and has earned his paycheck. Lonzo is a second year player who still has to prove himself. This is why fairness is opinion because those two have the same job to do the same thing but LeBron has worked harder and longer and is essentially better at his job. The same can be said about other professional athletes because their skillsets are all different and there are players who have more experience than others because they have been doing it longer and have been put in difficult situations. So someone who is working at the federal minimum wage should not be making more money because it isnt fair. There is a reason that they are working at minimum wage they should also not earn more just because it isnt fair. In conclusion raising minimum wage will end up hurting the economy. Those who are working in higher paying jobs have most likely had more experience and skill than those working at minimum wage.

Risk Management Portfolio Project. The Chief Risk Officer

Risk Management Portfolio Project The chief risk officer for a small community bank must look at operational, financial and strategic risk. They must also be aware of both traditional risk management, as well as financial enterprise risk management. Operational risk is a type of risk that would involve the people, the processes the systems and external events that could take place. Historically operational risks are managed by front end managers were due to larger losses taking place in recent years a different focus to the approach has evolved. Financial risk is one that goes hand-in-hand with the operation of a bank and maybe one that seems the most appropriate or commonplace for financial institution the different types of financial†¦show more content†¦The difference primarily would be for more detail focus as to what the manager of a bank would be concerned. The plan to take these goals into account which consists of tolerable uncertainty, legal and regulatory compliance, survival, business continu ity, earning stability, profitability and growth, social responsibility, and economy of risk management operations (Elliott, 2012, p. 1.16). The first would be to look at some risk that would fall into the traditional category for risk management models. The first of which also falls under normal risk management goals and it is that of legal and regulatory compliance. Legal and regulatory compliance is something that is second nature for a bank. There are many well-established federal, state and local regulations that banks must follow. Some areas that a bank would have to answer to would be but not limited to potentially the Office of Thrift Supervision. This would come into play if the institution were considered a savings bank. As a commercial community bank, the Federal Trade Commission along with the Federal Reserve Banks regulations are areas of concern. One risk that stands out he would be the truth in lending act, also known as regulation Z. This is an act that goes back to 1968 that requires a lending institution such as a bank to also adhere to revisions that were made to the act in 1976 under theShow Mo reRelatedManagement and Leadership- A case study of Royal Dutch Shell1410 Words   |  6 Pages Research Paper 3: Leadership and Management: A case study of Royal Dutch Shell Submitted Management and Leadership MGMT 704 - 102 October 15th, 2013. Introduction A change in a company’s leadership can trigger a shift in strategy and is usually followed by periods of convergence. The convergence periods are characterized by small incremental changes which have both advantages and disadvantages. 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He is the capable for the development of company standards, technological architecture and evaluation, manages the client relationships, aligns information technology with the business and manages the finance of the client. They oversee to reinvest in the IT infrastructure, as well as in business and technology professionalsRead MoreCareer Options For A Finance1206 Words   |  5 Pagesseek careers in a corporate and public finance department, in portfolio management, or investment banking. Salary ranges for careers in finance range from under $35,000.00 annually to well over $10 0.000.00 annually. It is important for the finance major to choose the correct area of finance because the demand in each area will be significantly different. Investment Banking Rudy (2005) noted â€Å"corporate, public, and other financial officers enlist the help of outside experts. Investment bankers help

Week Two Discussion Questions Free Essays

Week Two Discussion Questions †¢ What are the different types of plans that organizations can use? What types of plans does your organization use, and why do they use these plans? There are different types of plans for an organization like examples, a financial plan, a production plan, a sales plan and etc. My organization uses very similar plans like the ones I mentioned because in order to have a success business one must plan ahead and have a future view of the organization. What are the steps in the planning process? Which step is the most crucial? Why? The steps in the planning process are, Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Two Discussion Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think the most crucial one is Leading because in order to have success you must lead the organization to the correct path and a leader has been placed at its position because of their management skills which involves almost all steps in the planning process. Do you think organizations can overplan? Explain your response. Yes, I think over planning can happen. I think it is always best practice to have a plan B in the case that something goes wrong with plan A. †¢ What are three factors that affect the planning process? How do these factors affect the planning process? Three factors that can affect a planning process can be, competition, the economy, and management. Competition of course is when there is more than one organization out there offering a very similar product at a different price or a better one. The economy always affects business, if there is no jobs, there is no income therefore we do not have money to spend on offered products. Finally management can also fail in planning a good plan and may fail for what was expected. †¢ What role does organizational responsibility and ethics play in the planning process? It plays a role make things efficiently and the right way. How to cite Week Two Discussion Questions, Essay examples

Essay on Music in The Middle Ages Example For Students

Essay on Music in The Middle Ages Taking a look back into our history, it is very hard to graze over the fact that music has reigned as one of the most influential components of artistic expression in our time. It has been a part of numerous peoples lives across the globe since the beginning of time. Music has been able to not only define the people that craft it, but encompass and define a whole time period and culture in its own, leaving a very bold mark upon history. Two pieces of music that have played integral roles during their time are â€Å"In Paradisum† (by an anonymous individual) during the middle ages (600-1450), and â€Å"Same Love,† by Macklemore Ryan Lewis, featuring Mary Lambert during the 21st century (2001-2100, specifically released in 2012). These musical pieces, although from two very different spectrums in history, share a few notable similarities, as well as some remarkable differences that embody the ever so changing sound of art in time.  Emerging from the middle ages,  "In Paradisum,† was one of various plainchants during its time. The middle ages was characterized by a very strong ruling hand in the church, in which all aspects of life revolved around. This is greatly reflected by the major music of its time. Upon listening to â€Å"In Paradisum,† it quickly becomes evident that it is a non-melodic piece; a customary aspect of Gregorian chants. This specific genre of plainchant, is characterized by its simplicity; antiphon. As far as the dynamics of this song, it is rather soft. A fair estimate of the magnitude of dynamics would be mezzo piano. Keeping in mind that â€Å"In Paradisum† was sung in a church during the final blessing of someones death, a relatively soft dynamic would be most appropriate within the church. With tone color, it is also important to take note that instrumental music was not incorporated into this piece (and most plainchants in general). With that being said, the central focus of the piece are the voc als which carry the chant all the way through. The human voice stands as one of the most universal and beautiful sources of music. Its versatility is not displayed at its full potential in this particular piece, yet the smoothness of voice, and swift â€Å"jumps† in pitch are definitely exhibited. The texture in this plainchant is strictly monophonic. It describes the beauty and simplicity that is retained within the church. Although this piece is surely monophonic, the echoes of voice produced by the building in which the chant is sung tends to almost mimic the complexity of a harmonious piece. As far as the rhythm, although evident, it is not extremely definite; it has free rhythm. Plainchant was mainly guided by the syllables within the sacred text being sung, so rhythm in this piece is quite vague. The rhythm seems to be fairy slow in oscillating between a constant flow of sounds produced with voice (in various pitches), until it comes to a gradual halt upon a phrase. The durations of these lengths of sound, followed by silence (phrases), ranged from about 8 seconds to roughly 15 seconds. As far as the tempo, it is one aspect of this piece which is also relatively slow. One can think of the tempo as the speedometer of music. Once again, this tempo reflects the setting and event in which the piece is played – essentially a church funeral. It is relatively slow; roughly a pace called adagio. Then, there is harmony. Harmony is the vertical aspect of music, characterized by a combination of simultaneous notes played together to produce a very pleasant sound. Before th e realization that the drone (an underlying note that is held constant throughout a musical piece) could move (as far as pitch variation) independently of a main tune or melody, there was little usage of it to produce harmonious music. In this specific piece, there are no harmonious elements incorporated. Lastly for this piece, there is musical form. The form in this piece consists of pairing different aspects, and contrasting others, in order to effectively convey a certain feeling. Although there is no definite rhythm or melody, due to its constrained pairing with sacred text to be sung, there is still strong feeling within this piece; an emotional quality. The short, transitionary phrases in the song make way for a nearly constant flow of soothing monophonic tones. In addition to the phrases, the tempo, dynamics, texture, and tone color all intertwine flawlessly to encompass a feeling of simplicity and peace, and connection to the church. These factors complement one another in order to create this effect. All of these factors contribute to the form of the piece. .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .postImageUrl , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:hover , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:visited , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:active { border:0!important; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:active , .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8 .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecec1d9c7574b35e036dd4ebfcf4a9c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overly Obsessed Fangirl - Overly Attractive Band Dude EssayAs we now depart from the middle ages, and fast forward to the 21st century, we come to appreciate a different, more modern idea of music. Here, we can proceed to compare and contrast the elements of â€Å"In Paradisum,† to â€Å"Same Love,† by Macklemore. Upon a first sampling of the songs, the immediate contrast that I made between the two was the fact that â€Å"Same Love† was very rich in sound combinations compared to the plainchant. Upon further analysis of â€Å"Same Love,† it is evident that the songs melody is very distinctive. It keeps a consistent pattern of pitch and rhythm, that remains fairly predictable throughout the whole piece. This is unlike the Gregorian chant, which has no predictable pitch nor rhythm that remains consistent. With the dynamics, the same idea in the Gregorian chant of keeping it soft due to the subject matter is applied to this piece as well. In â€Å"Same Love,† Macklemore discusses beliefs he has on gay marriage; a sensitive topic. A loud dynamic would not hold appropriate in this song, so in both cases, opting for a range of mezzo piano/piano was most appropriate. A large difference that we find between these two pieces is tone color. â€Å"Same Love† is much more rich in tone color than â€Å"In Paradisum† is, yet the piece is still able to keep a similar factor of simplicity throughout. Macklemore utilizes keyboards (piano), strings (violin), brass (trombone), voice (homophony), and a soft component of percussion. Everything is tastefully pieced together, with different elements of sound flowing in and out gracefully; no component too overpowering or dominating. In tone color comparison with the plainchant piece, I believe that â€Å"Same Love† has much more substance, with much more elements coming together to form the song. Another contrast between the two can be indicated in texture. As stated previously, â€Å"In Paradisum† is a monophonic piece. On the other hand, â€Å"Same Love† is distinctively homophonic, which beautifully adds to the mood of the song. Another topic to point out is the rhythm. Wher e there is no rhythm evident in the plainchant, it is very apparent in Macklemores piece. Throughout the song, he has set up a rhythmic pattern in which the basic metric framework is established, one which is fairly predictable throughout. Another aspect of these songs that we can compare is in their tempo. This tempo, as well as the chants tempo, is relatively slow. This is an important aspect of both songs, due to its need to emphasize the important message contained in each song. By using a slow tempo, the composers are able to drive the idea of importance and meaning within the lyrics into its listeners. As far as harmon, this piece opts to utilize harmonious sounds to its advantage. Once again, emphasizing and encompassing the message by doing so, harmony is created through soft background voices that underly a main voice, as well as instruments that accompany the vocalists. Lastly in our comparison between these two pieces, we come to analyze the musical form of â€Å"Same Love,† in comparison to â€Å"In Paradisum.† â€Å"Same Love† is able to take advantage of certain elements such as rhythm, melody and harmony, in which â€Å"In Paradisum† lacks. These three elements (along with ton e color), in fact, are what helps the artist portray his message in the most tasteful, artistic way. The form sets a mood of hope, paired with some slight sorrow. The musical form in this piece creates an effortless ease in sounds by the organization and utilization of these different musical elements. In retrospect, both Macklemores â€Å"Same Love,† and â€Å"In Paradisum† were very prominent pieces for their time. â€Å"In Paradisum,† although a common plainchant, had an utmost importance to people due to its affiliation with the church. â€Å"Same Love,† on the other had, is also very prominent for this century. This song is very explicit, as far as the opinions sung in the lyrics. I do believe that although it takes a detour from the norms on what artists usually sing about today, it is very appropriate for our era. I enjoy listening to both pieces thoroughly, and find great pleasure in their simplicity. The first time I heard â€Å"In Paradisum,† it instantly brought me back to my childhood, when I went to church with my mother and sister. The piece sounded awfully familiar, and served as a soothing reminder of my past. The first time I listened to â€Å"Same Love,† I was in my car, listening to the radio. During that time, I was conc entrating more on the lyrics. Once the chorus came in, it dawned on me how beautiful the piece was as a whole. Although these pieces might initially seem as though they stand apart and have no similarities whatsoever, with just a little bit of patience and concentration, it becomes clear to one that both pieces have the power to provide total simplicity and peace of mind.

Debt Doesnt Matter

In the recently concluded GOP elections the populist vote said no to government spending. Many believe that government spending and its accomplices, debt and deficits are the reasons why the economy is in turmoil (Karabell, 2010, p.1). The Tea Party capitalized on these fears and experienced a decisive victory in the said GOP elections.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Debt Doesn’t Matter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their battle cry can be summed up in the following statement made by a congressional candidate who said, â€Å"Federal spending must be drastically reduced †¦ To ignore this issues is a crime against our children and grandchildren† (Karabell, 2010, p.1). However, the author said that this is just popular opinion but in truth extreme austerity measures is detrimental to the U.S. economy. The author argued that this is a good platform that a candidate can run on, especially t hose who oppose the current administration. He added that even the Republican Party’s Pledge to America is built around the promise that the party will work hard to end the kind of heavy spending that ran amok when it comes to health care bills and bailouts (Karabell, 2010, p.1). It is easy to understand why many are afraid of spending. In their own lives they can easily see what it can do. When a person spends there is less money left for other expenditures and worse the heavy spender can be easily in debt. By arguing against this populist mentality the author had to have a few assumptions. One of the major assumptions is that government spending is needed to boost a stalled economy. The second major assumption is that the debt burden has not dramatically changed in the past twenty years (Karabell, 2010, p.1). Finally, the third assumption is that what the candidates are proposing is an extreme form of austerity measures that can hurt the economy in the long run. Businessmen must have access to funds because they are the only people who can generate jobs and jumpstart the economy. The author did not offer any clear evidence or any form of tangible data that would support his first assumption. He based it on the common idea that in order to make money one has to spend money. He did not put it so plainly, he rather said that the key to economic prosperity is investments and the solution is for wise fiscal policy that would enable the government to do just that.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When it comes to the second assumption, the author provided convincing arguments pointing to the fact that â€Å"in 2009, net interest payment on the debt decreased from the year before, and the overall percentage the U.s. spends to service its debt (currently less than 3% of GDP) is lower than it was in the late 1980s and most of the 1990s† (Kar abell, 2010, p.1). This means that even if the Federal Government is carrying a heavy burden it still has the capacity to pay. For the third assumption the author used information culled from history books and a closer inspection of the Great Depression of the 1930s was sparked by the growing fear of financial instability and as a result bankers and businessmen became afraid to spend money. One historian supports this claim saying that when fear gripped the nation, people began to play it safe, and as a result, â€Å"The financial machinery of the country began to freeze into rigidity, the industrial and commercial machinery to slow down† (Shcultz, year, p.11). This proves that the author was correct when it comes to his major assumptions. Conclusion Debt is indeed not the problem. The most important issue is wise fiscal policy this means that the government has to prove that it has the capability to spend money wisely. The author was against irrational austerity measures. He pointed out that wise spending is the key. He used evidence from history and he used the tools of the economists to show that the government must be allowed to spend money in order to create jobs and to jumpstart a stalled economy. Works Cited Karabell, Zachary. â€Å"Debt Doesn’t Matter.† Accessed from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2028095,00.html Schultz, Stanley. The Great Depression. WI: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2006. Seltzer, Marc. â€Å"Are Republicans Lying About Financial Reforms?† Accessed from https://www.care2.com/causes/financial-reform-what-you-need-to-know.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Debt Doesn’t Matter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This term paper on Debt Doesn’t Matter was written and submitted by user Camilo Graves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Job Reference Sample A Professors Recommendation

Job Reference Sample A Professor's Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you'rea college professor, you'll probably write a bunch of recommendation letters for graduate programs and even jobs. In the following sample, an English professor provides a reference letter for a former student applying to teach English in South Korea. While this professor hasn't seenhis student in a teaching role, he can attest to his English language skills and passion for immersing himself in new cultures. Read on for the sample reference letter and an analysis of whatit does well. Sample Letter #8: Written by a Professor for a Former Student Dr. Wiihye KimSchool DirectorEnglish International School48 Daecheon-ro 67beon-gil, Haeundae-guBusan, South Korea Dear Dr. Kim, It’s my great pleasure to provide this letter of recommendation for Jerry as he pursues an English as a Foreign Language teaching position with English International School in South Korea. As a professor of English literature at XYZ University, I taught Jerry in two classes and served as his thesis advisor senior year. Jerry impressed me with his intellectual curiosity, passion for global cultures, and adventurous spirit. Given his background in English and experience living abroad, I’m confident that he would make an excellent addition to your school. I taught Jerry his sophomore and senior year in Masterpieces of World Literature and Fictions of Science, Technology, and Society. I also worked closely with him on his senior thesis, an exploration of Jewish literature in Argentina that earned him the distinction of summa cum laude. He’s a talented writer who gives insightful commentary in essays and class discussions. I know that Jerry has the verbal skills and depth of thought to be an engaging teacher. Jerry’s passionate about connecting with people across cultures, whether that means exploring new ideas through world literature or volunteering as an ESL tutor at local elementary schools. I recall oneinsightful paper Jerry wrote for which he interviewed international students abouttheir perspectives on select classics. His passion for cross-cultural exchangeshone through his words. As an English teacher in South Korea, Jerry will foster a similar global outlook among his students. Beyond his studies and volunteer work with ESL students, Jerry broadened his horizons with a semester studying abroad and living with a host family in Buenos Aires. Hespoke highly of his host family, telling me about their nightly dinners and conversations in Spanish. He's even visiting them again thissummer to attend hishost "sister's"fiesta de quince. Jerry loves to meet new people and travel not merely as a tourist, but as an engaged participant. This teaching position in South Korea would allow him to continue doing just that. Jerry has my wholehearted and unequivocal support in his search for an English teaching position in South Korea. He’s hard-working, thoughtful, charismatic, and open-minded, and he has a clear commitment to cross-cultural communication. I have no doubt that Jerry will make an outstanding English teacher, and I share his excitement over this next venture. Please don’t hesitate to contact me for any more information. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Dr. Willa SmithProfessor of Comparative LiteratureXYZ Universitywsmith@xyzuniversity.com555-555-5555 How does Professor Smith show that Jerry's ready to live and work in South Korea? Sample Recommendation Letter: The Breakdown Many graduates applying to jobs right after college don’t have a lot of past employers to ask for a recommendation. Instead, they might ask a professor to provide a letter of support, especially if the professor taught them in a subject related to the prospective position. In this case, an English (literature) professor can provide a strong reference for a recent graduate seeking an English (language) teaching position. Professor Smith states her support for Jerry as he applies to an English teaching position in South Korea. She talks about his achievements as an English major and emphasizes his particular interest in world literature and globalization. She further characterizes him as someone committed to learning about other cultures by mentioning his volunteer work as an ESL tutor and experience studying abroad and living in a home stay. All of these experiences speak to Jerry’s potential for success as an English teacher living abroad. Jerry’s professor hasn’t supervised him as an English language teacher, but she can attest to his intellectual and personal strengths and how they would make him well-suited to this work. Her perspective is a valuable one, as she’s worked closely with him during two classes and throughout his senior year. Professor Smith gives specific examples of Jerry’s English skills and commitment to global citizenship to support her claim that he would make an outstanding ESL teacher. Overall, her letter paints a picture of Jerry and stands as a strong vote of support for his job application. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: What's Next? What's the difference between a recommendation letter and a character reference? Check out this sample character reference to find out! Want to read more free samples of recommendation letters? Check out this full guide with nine reference letter samples and tips on how to make yours stand out.

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING - Essay Example The in-class discussion therefore creates a friendly environment for students to be able to ask the question about the areas where they did not understand (OECD, 2010). The best thing about these discussions is that the students are able see the content from each other’s point of view thus making is easy to understand the subject matter even better. In-class presentations This assessment acts as both a formative and summative assessment because the results of the assessment are also taken into consideration during the marking of the final assessment. The students are asked to present a certain item in class at certain milestones in the learning process. The students are able to present and display their skills and the skills they have learnt. These presentations also act as a way to identify if the student has been able to understand the content. Practical assessments These are done in order to assess the student’s practical skills. This is with regards to the tools whi ch the students must learn to use in order to be able to carry out their jobs. Practical assessments help the students to be able to be able to show their practical skills on using the various machines such as broadcast cameras. These assessments are also important in identifying any areas where the student may need more training (Campbell, et al., 2012). It helps the teacher to be able to identify any areas where the class as whole or individual students may need more training. These practical assessments are also important in giving the students a hands-on on experience and also learn from each other. Written assessments Written assessments are also used in the assessments of the students. Students are given a number of topics to write about. As Matthews (2002) says, these assessments are very important in that they give the teacher an opportunity to see how the students are fairing in the class and also to see their understanding of various subject matters. The written assignment s are also very useful formative assessments not only for the assessments parts but also as a way to help the students to learn more and become more acquainted with various issues. This is because the students have to be able to research the various subjects given to them and make sure that they understand the subject matter thoroughly. The content of the students written assessments can be used to determine where the student is lacking and where the student may need more tutoring. Written assignments are also very important because they are individualistic and therefore may help in identifying the specific issues affecting the specific student (Clift & William, 1981). P3: validity and reliability of three main types of assessment methods. Discussions In-class discussions are useful as assessment methods because of a number of important issues. However, as Middlewood & Cardno (2001) says, there are some other negative issues which may affect in-class discussions and which may affect the validity as well as the effectiveness of class discussions as an assessment method. One such negative factor is the fact that some students may be better able to show their skills in discussions than others. Class discussion involves a lot of speaking and verbal arguments. Those students who may not have good verbal skills may seem not to have the right skills, and it is important for such students to be given a better way for assessment. While using class

Housing policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Housing policy - Essay Example From the graphical representation, it is noticed that US real estate business was highly affected due to the financial crisis. What originated as a crisis in the US housing and mortgage markets; had infected other sectors and spread globally. The financial troubles that the worldwide economies face today came on the heels of two bubbles, one in the housing market and the other one in the credit markets. A plethora of several dissimilar factors added to the housing market bubble and also those tangled with the credit market bubble. The inflating of the housing bubble can be considered by home sales and home prices. Housing sales and prices had been rising at a quick speed since the early-mid 1990s, until the recession began in 2006 - 2007. Several household transactions indices have turned down from 10 % to 30 % worldwide and by as much as 40% or further in certain markets. Still the additional reserved losses in household worth turn out to be more important when an individual believes how household procurement is financed. Since housing sector is extremely leveraged, a preliminary 20% equity stake in a household, acquired over the most recent years have been in all possibility wiped out. Therefore, the perception that household ownership is a better source of revenue of wealth gathering has been a thoroughly misleading thought (Bardhan & Et. Al., â€Å"The Housing Problem and the Economic Crisis: A Review and Evaluation of Policy Prescriptions†). The subprime crisis crashed household dwellers financially which included both owners as well as renters. Proprietors with no mortgage debt were probable to be in the slightest susceptible situation, although if they had designed to comprehend their asset gains, these had lost the worth. Of the 112 million household units in the US, there were 75.5 million landlords engaged in 2007. Of these, 23.9 million houses were mortgage free that tentamounted to lesser than 1/3 of the

Green benefits of ITS - PRESENTATION Research Paper

Green benefits of ITS - PRESENTATION - Research Paper Example he reduction of emissions but also to the financial support of the communities (Institute for Sustainable Communities, 2010, p.1); however, in the case of failure ITS could cause severe financial losses depending on the size of the relevant plan (Tignor et al. 1999) The studies used in this research paper are based on data of different type, depending on the mode of research employed in each case. High emphasis is given to reports published by governmental and non-governmental organizations operating in this area as these bodies are most likely to have access to critical data in regard to this subject. The advantage of these studies/ reports is that they refer to actual aspects, i.e. forms, benefits and problems, of ITS; in this way, it is easier to check the current performance but also the future risks of these systems. The benefits achieved in Syracuse through the update of the city’s signaling system are, all, related to sustainability (Halkias and Schauer 2004). The specific system is based on a computer application, appropriately tuned for covering the city’s needs in terms of transportation while fuel consumption is kept at low levels, as possible. It should be noted that the above system has been evaluated after 3 years of its establishment, a fact that denotes the need for a particular period of time before checking the effectiveness of such systems. In a study developed by the US Department of Transportation in 2013 the benefits of Automated Signal Systems were explored. The key benefits of these systems are those presented in slide 6. Among these benefits the most important seems to be the following: a) delays due to signaling problems, which represent the 10% of traffic delays, have been decreased, b) travel time can significantly increased in case of problematic signal systems; with automated signal systems the travel time can be reduced even by 10% (US Department of Transportation 2013). It should be noted that the increase of average speed, a

The Corporate Zappos Culture In Business

The Corporate Zappos Culture In Business Earlier with a boom in e-commerce the idea of selling shoes online was not much appreciated. No one wanted to buy shoes online as it was difficult to find a perfect pair and there were hassles of returning shoes through mail. Looking at the huge market potential in US and popularity of online industry, Nick Swinmurn clicked with an idea to start an online shoe retail store which would make shopping more simpler and hassle free. Hence Zappos, earlier known as Shoesite.com got a first mover advantage. Tony Hsieh, an entrepreneur since young age joined this company as CEO when he was just 27 years old  [2]  . In his own venture Link Exchange he had learnt that culture and job satisfaction was more important in a company over monetary growth  [3]  . He reinforced the organisation culture and made Zappos stand where it is today. Today, Zappos is an organisation which has managed its incredible growth in a short span of time; this is mainly because of its unique organisational culture. Under the leadership of Tony, Zappos focused on delivering superior customer service over marketing and to achieve this they designed a culture which would drive this goal. Before analysing Zappos culture lets have a look at its competitive industrial positioning using Porters 6 forces. Zappos once was just another internet company until it realised that it is not only competing with online companies but also with retail stores  [4]  . Tony realised that there was need of some kind of differentiation which would help suffice the strong buyers force. This is when Zappos came up with its core values to strengthen its culture and focus on exceptional customer services. The core values were the base for all the key decisions at Zappos and they actively managed their culture based on the below mentioned core values: As per Burns and Stalkers organic model, innovative organisation like Zappos tend to develop Organic culture because the creative employees needed for innovation cannot be burdened with bureaucracy and control. According to Goffee and Jones sociability/solidarity model, Zappos organic culture can be a mixture of networked and communal cultures which has both high solidarity and sociability. In Zappos, the degree of sociability is high as the environment is friendlier where employees are given liberty to work the way they want without any pressure of achieving targets. Employees at Zappos also possess the solidarity culture as they cherish and implement the 10 core values effectively to achieve the common goal of the company  [5]  . Zappos Organisational Culture using Culture Web Zappos organisational culture is a broad term used to describe the psychology, attitudes, experience, beliefs and values of its organisation. Zappos has a strong culture where staff responds positively to stimuli because of their affinity to Zappos organisational values. Zappos organisational culture can be theoretically mapped as, the Work/Play hard culture,  [6]  Brand Congruent culture  [7]  , Constructive culture.  [8]  These terms can all be used to label Zappos culture and its key parameters are as follows. In Zappos, members are encouraged to interact with people and approach tasks in way that help them meet their higher order satisfaction needs. The staff also believes in the product or service of the organisation. They like what their company is trying to achieve and co-operate to achieve it. They are passionate and seem to have similar goals. They use resources available to them to proactively solve problems. There are also few risks taken coupled with rapid fee dback. They have team meetings, company jargon, and buzzwords. They all strive for the highest quality customer service. To identify various elements of Zappos culture, a Cultural Web  [9]  is used. Stories: The past events and customer satisfaction stories mentioned both in and out the company. Zappos places immense value on these and portrays this as examples of target behaviour. Rituals and Routines: Zappos has outlined expected behaviour in given situations and lets staff know what is valued by the management. Symbols: Zappos uses whacky visuals, funny logos, and humorous pictorials to represent its culture visually. Organisational Structure: Zappos tries to retain a highly informative and fun filled organisational structure and attempts to indicate what contributions are most valued. Control Systems: Zappos has controls to monitor the way the organisation functions. These include financial systems, quality systems and rewards. Power Structures: Zappos tries to instil a varied power structure where each staff member has some amount of influence on decisions, operations and strategic direction. Culture as belief system Tony observed if they get their culture right that would ultimately result in repeat customers and word of mouth. Values and belief systems are not only important for Zappos culture but also for its architecture as analysed in below table. It shows how some of the most important key elements fit in this cultural and architectural web of Zappos and contributes to the competitive success of the organisation. 1. This is evidenced as the employees are given complete transparency and are urged to communicate openly. Tony started an online service called Zappos Insights wherein one can find all the insight information. Moreover, all the decisions taken during lay-off were also revealed on Twitter. 2. Employees are encouraged to delight customers by going out of the way to deliver best services. They handle the calls without scripts, pay more attention to customers queries and personally interact with them through means like Twitter. Employees take risks and are not afraid of making mistakes. To achieve this element, neither are they pressurised to achieve targets nor are their call durations measured. 3. Zappos managers are encouraged to spend up to 20% of their time on team building activities. They also make sure that all the employees work without any stress. An employee can also appreciate other employees work with a reward of $50 as bonus. Apart from this, there are other rewards like employee of the day and other benefits like medical coverage, free lunch, beverages etc. This is done to inspire new ideas and creative thinking. They are also free to write stories about their experiences and Zappos culture in a culture book. 4. Its not about what you say to your customer, its all about how you made them feel. Zappos pleased its customers with easy to navigate website, wide patterns for searching, wide range of shoes and speed of delivery. Moreover they delight their customers by free both way shipping, 365 days return policy, 24/7 customer service. They surprise customers by sending cards and bouquets if they get to know about any special occasion which in turn makes the experience memorable. These are the main elements which links the mentioned components in Zappos culture and architecture. All these elements are focused on achieving one common goal i.e. companys consumer based competitive success  [10]  . Using Loyalty Business Model Further, as per Tony, the basic business model followed by Zappos is: Culture -> Customer Service -> Word-of-Mouth Marketing -> Revenue/Profits  [11]  . This model is very much similar to the Loyalty Business Model derived by Reichheld, F.  [12]   The 10 core values that defined the Zappos culture were derived by employees themselves and that has played an important role in terms of employee satisfaction and hence it is ultimately reflecting in excellent customer delivery. This culture brings up customer satisfaction and loyalty which can be seen by the rate of repeat customers. Employees are instructed to direct customers to competitors if their desired product is not currently available with Zapoos which inturn helps in building up customer loyalty. Zappos, so far have been successful in building a strong customer loyalty base which helps in its promotion through Word-of-Mouth Marketing. All this helped Zappos pursue growth in terms of high revenue and profits and achieve competitive success. Zappos HR Strategies After analysing Zappos culture, lets move to the HR strategies followed by them. Zappos work culture is filled with workers who have been selected and trained in such a way that they conform to higher involvement model  [13]  of HR systems. In an idealistic scenario the employees are motivated more about the job than about the monetary benefits of the job. These employees have a lot of freedom at the work place and this maximizes discretionary behaviour. As can be seen from Zappos remarkable success there is a strong employee-company relation and a sense of bonding which leads the employees to work independently and at the same time map the company goals into their daily work routines, on their own  [14]  . Linking HR Systems to Zappos Business Strategy Zappos HR strategies have played an important role in its remarkable success. Shown below is the Business Strategy model which will analyse the strategies used by Zappos and link between different components of HR and Non-HR strategies followed by Zappos. Under people management, Zappos seeks for the people who believe in its core values and have a passion for providing outstanding customer service. People are tested on technical skills as wells as on cultural fit i.e. creativity, individuality, etc. Successful candidates are given 4 weeks of training. Good performance is appreciated by rewards ,employees are also given counselling if they are under stress. People management process at Zappos provides employee with perfect AMO scenario. Ability to the employees is provided by the imparting rigorous training which also includes on training over phones. Motivation is provided by rewards, events and other benefits. Zappos emphasises on giving equal Opportunities to the employees by giving them the liberty to work the way they want. The call duration is not measured and they do not work on scripts. Critical HR goals for Zappos comprises of confirming that excellent customer service is delivered, employees are satisfied, core values are followed, customer relations maintained etc. On Non-HR side we come across the relevant management processes followed at Zappos. The main mode of marketing for Zappos is Word-to-Mouth which is the result of customer loyalty. Zappos operations includes: 365 days return policy, free shipping both ways, 24/7 customer service, warehouses running for 24 hours, etc. Customers are pleased with Zappos website because it is very simple, user friendly and it takes less than a second to load a page. Moreover it also offers 1095 brands of shoes, various searching patterns and 7 views from different angles. Main Critical Non-HR goals consists of ensuring all the resources are utilised effectively, all the policies are in place and followed throughout, customers are satisfied, rate of repeat customers is always rising etc. The above mentioned HR and Non-HR processes and goals leads to the main Business Goals which includes: achieving high sales and hence profitability, increase in customer loyalty and the number of repeat customers, and attain and maintain a number one position in the industry. Now, after analysing Zappos business strategies we can say that it has high competitive advantage as well as viability in this underlined industry. Control and Performance Measurement System for Zappos As seen in culture as belief system, architecture is also important to track the progress towards the objectives. Control systems are used to make sure that strategies and architecture are having desired effect and also they are efficient  [15]  . External Controls For Zappos, societal controls are mainly placed by the consumers. Zappos takes into consideration, the expectations of their customer i.e. excellent customer service. Zappos help reduce customer efforts and hence increase loyalty. Looking at the market controls, though Zappos is surrounded by competitors it has been successful in holding its customers and achieving growth till now. Internal Controls Internal controls were developed keeping an eye on the customer expectations and other external controls. Zappos culture was developed to meet the objectives and design the way in which organisation should perform. Zappos main aim is to deliver WOW through service and hence culture is designed such that employees are free to work the way they want in order to come up with creative and innovative ideas. Zappos also have its reward system in place where employees are awarded on good performance and they also get other benefits like medical coverage, free snacks, beverages etc. Employees are also trained to tackle particular situations and how to produce excellent service. The organisation is also governed by output controls that also check the adherence of the service provided towards the goal of the organisation (Line of sight congruence). This balance scorecard which is derived from the strategy map shown above is used as a control system for Performance Measurement System. As shown in the table financial perspective is dependent on ROCE, number of customers. Customer perspective is governed by C-SAT%, repeat customer%, average purchases by repeat customers, etc. Operational perspective is dependent on minimum both cycle time and lost business%, and effective use of all company resources. Labour perspective is driven by productivity of human resources and is measured by matrix such as staff turnover, attrition%, etc. Innovation and Learning comes from the Culture book utilisation, suggestions implemented, income from new brands, other innovative programmes, etc. Thus we have looked into Zappos unique work culture and its customer service focus which has made it an astounding success.

Facebook Activity Should NOT Play a Role in Employment Essay -- Social

As if employment isn’t already a topic of importance regardless of personal reason, most issues concerning it, hit close to home. Employment is influenced by many things. Some of the major influences are expected like drug testing and background checks. These have little to no amount of controversy, pending personal issues. Other things are not so anticipated, namely what content is on particular social media websites like Facebook. This exact scenario played out in my life much to my dismay. After I applied, interviewed and accepted a position in the education field, I received a phone call from the employer who informed me that they would no longer offer me the position due to an undisclosed reason. Subsequently, I began an investigation into the reason I lost the opportunity of employment with the school district, only to discover astonishing exploits, the culmination of which resulted in my misfortune. These exploits had originated from a personal conflict between an individual that was my friend on Facebook prior to the dispute. Though I can honestly admit that this altercation got vicious, I never believed it would go as far as it had. This individual took my name and pictures and attached them to messages that I had allegedly sent to her. These messages contained highly inappropriate and threatening material. Then she proceeded to send them to the administration department. One person in the Human Resour ces department came to the decision that even though he didn’t know me, my qualifications, or even if the allegations were true, my personal life and Facebook page disqualified me from employment. Incontestably, I felt this infringed on my constitutional rights, confidentiality, as well as my personal life. Most Ame... ... with job performance, and work time. Without this distinction a mental and physical toll is paid and it comes at a high cost to the motivated. Employment simply should not be based upon a personal social networking website, it is unconstitutional, breaks social expectations of confidentiality, as well as imposes upon personal lives and motivations. Unless contractually bound to obey particular guidelines concerning social media, it should play no role in obtaining or termination of employment. Considering that there was no proof of legitimacy and it did not happen on work property or time, undeniably my claim of hideous encroachment on these Rights and socially accepted standards is correct. This very travesty, lead to the children at that particular school district to potentially have to settle for a person that is less qualified than I for their education.

Should Compulsory Military Service Be Abolished?

Should compulsory military service be abolished ? (ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY) The problem of compulsory military service has always been a controversial issue. Some people strongly support this idea while others are definitely against it. Although it has been claimed that the military service should be compulsory because of its benefits to governments, compulsory military service shouldn’t be abolished because of its limitations to citizens. It is commonly maintained that compulsory military service affects government’s economy in positive way, yet military service is cheaper than mandotary in long-term.Supporters of compulsory military service believe that mandotary military service is a must for countries to develop their economy. The choices of developing countries could be a good example for benefits of compulsory military service. Developing countries mostly prefer compulsory military service to grow their economy. Portugal is one of the these countries. Since Portugal m oved on to free military service there is a rapidly increase in civilian wages. However United States shows that countries can have both powerful economy and strong military power despite using free military service.According to Chapman, the cost of a volunteer is more expensive than full-time soldiers. (2002) Another argument widely claimed against abolishing compulsory military service is based on the assumption that young people could improve themselves physically and psychologically, pn the other hand it may cause harmful consequences on many sensitive young men. Proponents of compulsory military service claim that personality of young men would be developed during military service.They think that military service would make young men disciplined and principled. Laar stated â€Å"During the course of compulsory military service, a number of skills required for civilian life are acquired. † (2011) According to Kelty, Kleykamp and Segal, military service is an experience th at turns youth to adults. (2010) Nevertheless, compulsory military service may cause permanent problems in young people’s character and their lives. Forcing sensitive young men to strict the rules may lead to terrible damage to their psyche or even suicide.Citizens aren’t free to choose how they live in the countries using mandotary military service. They would be forced to something against their plans and they can’t live their lives how they wish. Other frequently heard arguments in support of compulsory military service is its necessity to protect national security against threats, yet it is unnecessary to maintain large armies because the strength of the country doesn’t depend on the manpower of an army; it is related to skills and knowledge of experts who are specially educated.A common claim is that compulsory military service is necessary to protect national security against threats. They think that the increased number of soldiers helps to fight a gainst terrorizm. It can frighten enemies to have a great number of soldiers. However, maintaining large permanent armies is not essential in our age because technology is developed. Nucleer weapons are one of the high-tech weapons and they can be operated by a small force.Professional soldiers are specially educated to operate complicated missles of an intercontinental range so the number of the soldiers is not so important. For exapmle Turkey is one of the countries that have increased number of soldiers but they can’t eliminate terrorizm in many years. In conclusion, best opinion would be forming smaller professional armies consisting of young men who like military life and who can easily adopt to hard conditions. Everyone should be granted freedom of choice and not forced to do something against his plans or nature.

responsibility essays

responsibility essays Being responsible refers to our ability to make decisions that serve our own interests and the interests of others. We first need to be responsible for ourselves before we can be responsible for others. In learning to be more responsible it is important that we know our limitations. It does not matter how smart we are, there is only so much responsibility that a person can handle. It is also important to remember that we are not responsible for things that are out of our control, for example, how other people feel or how they react to ourselves or others. Sharing responsibility for both success and failure can lead to increased responsibility to oneself and others. When you hear the word responsibility, what do you think of first? Many people think of the word BLAME, as in, Whose responsibility is this? I think of responsibility as seizing whats in front of you, exerting choice, and taking control. The real meaning of responsibility is the ability to respond. Its going out and creating what you want through personal choices. The responsibility that each of us has is that we are completely, 100% responsible for how our lives turn out. If you think that being responsible at all times is too hard or too easy, think again; the truth falls somewhere in between. Being responsible involves having some skills, a caring and open attitude, and a good sense of what we can and cannot do. We have a choice to pick out "duties." But I'm "responsible" for myself. You can't drink a glass of water for me. You can't eat a sandwich for me. You could cook a beautiful steak and put it in front of me, but you can't eat it for me, is that correct? And you can't go to the bathroom for me. So I'm "responsible" for all that. I'm responsible for how I feel. You can't think for me. You can't act for me. You can't do any of those things. I'm responsible for my own attitude and I have a duty to ot...

Plato’s Meno Essays

Plato’s Meno Essays Plato’s Meno Paper Plato’s Meno Paper Aen. 1. 1-7) Aeneid reflects live experience as though it were an object in a mirror. â€Å"There are two gates of Sleep, one said to be of horn, whereby the true shades pass with ease, the other all white ivory agleam without a flaw, and yet false dreams are sent through this one by the ghost to the upper world. Anchises now, his last instructions given, took son and Sibyl and let them go by the Ivory Gate. †(Virgil, Aeneid, Book VI, Lines 893-899). Aeneas left Hades to go back up to the mortal world through the gates of lies, and suggests for the rest of the world, that all of his actions are false. Indeed, it means that the entire world since the founding of Rome is but a lie. From our inner self we are different but we have put the mask of selfishness and absurdity. Humans like Dante in Divine Comedy are all lost in the woods; Midway along the journey of life I woke to find myself in the dark wood, For I have wondered from the straight path (Dante Alighieri, Canto 1, 3. Divine Comedy). We are all in this Western Civilization and at one point of time are asailed by beasts a lion, a leopard, and a she-wolf; allegory of temptations towards sin and once fallen into it are unable to then find ourselves towrds â€Å"diritta via† ie salvation. Though Dante realized that he is ruining himself, and is falling into a deep place, but he is not able to come out of the situation himself and he is taken out of it by Vigil who took him towards the pilgrim from Inferno means Hell, To purogato and finally to Paradiso where his Journey ends ie he meet divinity. â€Å"so I searched that strange sight: I wished to see the way in which our human effigy suited the circle and found place in it†-(Dante, Paradiso 33, Divine Comedy). Western Civilization also believes in the choice to live full to his capacity and assume a place in heaven upon death, but when they are fallen to temptation, they suffer in Hell for eternity, but they do get a chance for repentance, allowing them to enter Purgatory, and finally witness God. This gives man inspiration, insight, imagination and abilities to understand or to grasp the realities (actualities/potentialities) around him. Gilgamesh had both the divine as well as devilish qualities that what humans of Western Civilizations are. In the quest to fulfill our materialistic and sexual desires we are moving away from attaining the mutual satisfaction, thus according to me the Epic Gilgamesh is mirror to the Western Civilizations, whereby with the Scientific and Technological advancements we are moving in the pursuit of attaining the immortality but it is the immortality we cannot attain because death is destiny we all have to lead ourselves too. The death is glorified even in Illiad and Aenies. BIBILOGRAPHY The Epic of Gilgamesh, The earliest Sumerian versions dated s early as the Third dynasty of Ur ie 2100 BC-2000 BC). Homer, probably 8th century BC Illiad Virgil, 19th B. C. E, Aeneid The Meno, 380, B. C. E, Plato Dante Alighieri, 1308-1321, The Divine Comedy

Aspects of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Aspects of Psychology - Essay Example The validity of the study can be accounted both by the objective nature of the study which includes behavioral patterns and the subjective nature that includes the experiences and feelings of an individual. The data collected also accounts for the uniqueness and hence the validity of the study. However, as the case study results cannot be replicated, the reliability measures of the study are generally very low. When the case study pertains to a specific individual the results cannot be generalized to a larger population as they cannot be considered to represent a particular population. The major advantages of the case study method includes the following: in-depth analysis of a case may at times provide insights to a new phenomena which in turn could stimulate a new research, additionally these new findings can contradict existing theories and lead to establishment of newer treatment modalities, a detailed view of the process or phenomena can be obtained through a case study, and inve stigation of extreme and inaccessible conditions. Despite the many advantages, the case study method also suffers from many disadvantages such as low replication and reliability measures, the study data and its interpretation can be influenced by the researcher’s thoughts resulting in researcher bias, documentation depends entirely on the memory of the individual which can result in inclusion of only those factors that are livid in the minds of the people and exclusion of other possible factors which are vaguely remembered and finally as the results of a case study cannot be easily replicated it if difficult to generalize them to a particular population (The case study method, n.d). Naturalistic observation method involves observing the behavior of an organism in its natural surroundings. The method requires no obstruction either from the investigator or the method used to collect data which would affect the behavior of the organism under study.

The Television Action Program And Provide Methods to Strategically Essay

The Television Action Program And Provide Methods to Strategically Position - Essay Example The rotary is divided into three categories namely, Rotary Club, Rotary foundation and Rotary international (Rotary International, 2013a). The Rotary club is dedicated towards bringing together individuals from different facets to build relationships, exchange ideas and take necessary actions to improve the program. The international clubs work by providing support to other rotary clubs situated across the globe. This is done by coordinating the campaigns, initiatives and global programs. The rotary foundations use donations in order to fund various projects by community partners as well as rotary members across the globe. Generally, these findings are voluntarily contributed by members, friends as well as willing third parties. The club has also successfully made many partners over time. Some of them include Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organizations, United Nations, Shelter Box and Mercychips (Rotary International, 2013c). History and success People star ted bidding and buying services and products from the Rotary Auctions and soon it had gained popularity. Since then, Rotary auction programs were even known as commercial enterprise, another store and such. Many broadcasters started identifying the Rotary club as a good investment as well as promotional strategy (Rotary International, 2013b). The auctions were a perfect fit for the people living in suburban areas. Household antics such as, old books, knickknacks, designer goods and conversation pieces, were the first to be disposed off (Smith, 2002). This was followed by old furniture, consumer durables and other household equipments, which were about to be replaced by new ones. Retailers also took this... This paper approves that the primary goal of this project was to evaluate the current strengths and weaknesses of the online auctioning program of RCWS at Windsor. Through primary and secondary research, it was found that the television auction program has been popular and preferred due to lot of factors. It is one of the earliest methods of bidding process after the emergence of television. Before that, bidding process used to happen in one place and very few people were able to participate in the process. Looking at the current marketing trend as well as the changing demographic profile, a mixed approach can be implemented. This paper makes a conclusion that with the advent of online world, the popularity of auctioning programs has started to decrease. Now sellers as well as buyers are more interested in online or internet auctioning because of its efficiency as well as promptness. Television auctioning took place over the telephone which was the major channel. At present, majority of the population owns internet and prefer online bidding. Thus, it has become extremely important to evaluate strategies as well as alternatives in order to revive the television auctioning program. There are two alternatives that had been suggested for the rotary club. Firstly, fostering of partnerships with other local clubs and the secondly, introduction of online bidding process. The recommended approach suggested a mix of both the approaches, which requires strategically implementing each plan during specific part of the year and to specific target segments.

Do the classical theorists still apply to modern warfare in the Essay

Do the classical theorists still apply to modern warfare in the twentieth century What about in the twenty-first century - Essay Example However, governmental bodies and rulers, along with the participants of battles and conflicts have their distinct and particular classical theorists with the consultative expertise, who recommends and propose impeccable opinions to these bodies. These theorist offers with their opinions and recommendations principally for the role of planning as they have encountered the ground realities of the battlefield in a widespread and comprehensive way. In addition, they are masters with the boundless and considerable information and statistics on the past and chronicled researches2. The studies and data demonstrates the fact that classical theorist still apply to the contemporary conflicts and wars in the twentieth century as well as in the twenty-first century specifically concerning the technological advancements and boom in the industrial sector that the world is experiencing. Although the industrial revolution did not bring change largely for the classical theorists, yet they continued t o keep themselves modernized and elucidated the existing and recent truths and information on a continuous basis in order to maintain their worth and significance3. Several of the theories related to warfare in the old times have undergone some changes and are dissimilar and unlike to the modern warfare as the social, political, cultural, economic and technological factors alters with the passage of time and thus, have a great deal of influence on the articulation of the warfare4. Many of the classical theories have come under collection, assembling, and consolidation by the theorists that were imperative and essential intuitions, perceptions and visions that emphasized their extended apprehensions of the warfare, rather than their advice to the explicit activities in the war. According to some of the classical theorists, ethical and principal manipulation, climatic conditions, territory, or region of a country, authority, control and domination, and regulation and obedience were fe w major and elementary aspects that were critical and crucial to the planning of the war5. Whereas, when looking at the other end of the spectrum, in contrast to the extensive knowledge about the past records of the army and their headship and management, the above mentioned aspects of consideration at the planning of the war by few theorist was irrelevant, out of date or even pedestrian6. As the classical theorist had different perspectives, their ideas and thoughts differ from each other and this can come under witness by the diverse and deviating past situations and surroundings. Some of the theorists focused and emphasized that, victory in the fight and conquering and defeating the rivals through paramount focus was the leading and vital solution. While others highlighted and accentuated the fact that deceit and dishonesty is the key to success and winning in the battle, and ruling over, and controlling the enemy’s insight and opinions will make them fight to the directed side7. Despite of the fact that the classical theorists were poles apart, nevertheless, they had abundant and plentiful chief and significant resemblances and relationship in their theories. The

Acquisition is a High Risky Strategy Essay Example for Free

Acquisition is a High Risky Strategy Essay In the literature, several motives for takeovers have been identified. One is the desire for synergy. That is, similarities or complementarities between the acquiring and target firms are expected to result in the combined value of the enterprises exceeding their worth as separate firms (Collis and Montgomery, 1998). A second motive involves the expectation that acquirers can extract value because target companies have been managed inefficiently (Varaiya, 1987). A third motive is attributed to managerial hubris the notion that senior executives, in overestimating their own abilities, acquire companies they believe could be managed more profitably under their control. Agency theory motive is the anticipation that firm expansion will positively impact the compensation of top managers since there tends to be a direct relation between firm size and executive pay. Contemporary specialists contend that managerial ownership incentives may be expected to have divergent impacts on corporate strategy and firm value. This premise has been recognized in previous studies. For instance, Stulz (1988) has examined the ownership of managers of target companies and has proposed that the relationship between that ownership and the value of target firms may initially be positive and then subsequently become negative with rising insider ownership. Moreover, Shivdasani (1993) empirically shows that the relationship of the ownership structure of target companies with the value of hostile bids is not uniformly positive. McConnell and Servaes (1990) have likewise analyzed the relationship of equity ownership among corporate insiders and Tobins q. Their results demonstrate a non-monotonic relation between Tobins q and insider equity stakes. Wright et al. (1996: 451) have shown a non-linear relationship between insider ownership and corporate strategy related to firm risk taking. Ownership Incentives and Changes in Company Risk Motivating Acquisitions An agency-theoretic motive for acquisitions has been used to explain managerial preferences for risk-reducing corporate strategies (Wright et al., 1996). The implication is that both principals and agents prefer acquiring target companies with higher rather than lower returns. In that, shareholders and managers have congruent interests. The interests, however, diverge in terms of risk considerations associated with acquisitions. Because shareholders possess diversified portfolios, they may only be concerned with systematic risk and be indifferent to the total variance of returns associated with a takeover. Senior managers may alternatively prefer risk-reducing corporate strategies, unless they are granted ownership incentives. That is because they can not diversify their human capital invested in the firm. In the literature, it has been argued that agency costs may be reduced as managerial ownership incentives rise. The reason is that, as ownership incentives rise, the financial interests of insiders and shareholders will begin to converge. Analysts conjecture, however, that such incentives may not consistently provide senior executives the motivation to lessen the agency costs associated with an acquisition strategy. Inherent is the presumption that the nature of executive wealth portfolios will differently influence their attitudes toward corporate strategy. The personal wealth portfolios of top managers are comprised of their ownership of shares/options in the firm, the income produced from their employment, and assets unrelated to the firm. Presumably, as senior executives increase their equity stakes in the enterprise, their personal wealth portfolios become correspondingly less diversified. Although stockholders can diversify their wealth portfolios, top executives have less flexibility if they own substantial shares in the firms they manage. Hence, if a significant portion of managers wealth is concentrated in one investment, then they may find it prudent to diversify their firms via risk-reducing acquisitions. In the related literature, however, takeovers and risk taking have been approached differently from the described approach. Amihud and Lev (1999) have contended that insiders employment income is significantly related to the firms performance. Thus, managers are confronted with risks associated with their income if the maintenance of that income is dependent on achieving predetermined performance targets. Reasonably, in the event of either corporate underperformance or firm failure, CEOs not only may lose their current employment income but also may seriously suffer in the managerial labor market, since their future earnings potential with other enterprises may be lowered. Hence, the risk of executives employment income is impacted by the firms risk. The ramification of Amihud and Levs (1999) contentions is that top managers will tend to lower firm risk, and therefore their own employment risk, by acquiring companies that contribute to stabilizing of the firms income, even if shareho lder wealth is adversely affected. Consistent with the implications of Amihud and Levs arguments, Agrawal and Mandelker (1987) have similarly suggested that managers with negligible ownership stakes may adopt risk-reducing corporate strategies because such strategies may well serve their own personal interests. With ownership incentives, however, managers may be more likely to acquire risk-enhancing target companies, in line with the requirement of wealth maximization for shareholders. The notion that at negligible managerial ownership levels, detrimental risk-reducing acquisition strategies may be emphasized, but with increasing ownership incentive levels, beneficial risk-enhancing acquisitions may be more prevalent is also suggested in other works (Grossman and Hoskisson, 1998). The conclusion of these investigations is that the relationship between insider ownership and risk enhancing, worthy corporate acquisitions is linear and positive. Some experts assert that CEOs personal wealth concentration will induce senior managers to undertake risk-reducing firm strategies. Portfolio theorys expectation suggests that investors or owner-managers may desire to diversify their personal wealth portfolios. For instance, Markowitz (1952: 89) has asserted that investors may wish to diversify across industries because firms in different industries. . . have lower covariances than firms within an industry. Moreover, as argued by Sharpe (1964: 441), diversification enables the investor to escape all but the risk resulting from swings in economic activity. Consequently, managers with substantial equity investments in the firm may diversify the firm via risk-reducing acquisitions in order to diversify their own personal wealth portfolios. Because they may be especially concerned with risk-reducing acquisitions, however, their corporate strategies may not enhance firm value through takeovers, although managerial intention may be to boos t corporate value. The above discussion is compatible with complementary arguments that suggest that insiders may acquire non-value-maximizing target companies although their intentions may be to enhance returns to shareholders. For instance, according to the synergy view, while takeovers may be motivated by an ex-ante concern for increasing corporate value, many such acquisitions are not associated with an increase in firm value. Alternatively, according to the hubris hypothesis, even though insiders may intend to acquire targets that they believe could be managed more profitably under their control, such acquisitions are not ordinarily related to higher profitability. If acquisitions which are undertaken primarily with insider expectations that they will financially benefit owners do not realize higher performance, then those acquisitions which are primarily motivated by a risk-reducing desire may likewise not be associated with beneficial outcomes for owners. Additionally, it can be argued that shareholders can more efficiently diversify their own portfolios, making it unnecessary for managers to diversify the firm in order to achieve portfolio diversification for shareholders. Risk Associated with HRM practices in International Acquisitions There are a number of reasons why the HRM policies and practices of multinational corporations (MNCs) and cross-border acquisitions are likely to be different from those found in domestic firms (Dowling, Schuler and Welch, 1993). For one, the difference in geographical spread means that acquisitions must normally engage in a number of HR activities that are not needed in domestic firms such as providing relocation and orientation assistance to expatriates, administering international job rotation programmes, and dealing with international union activity. Second, as Dowling (1988) points out, the personnel policies and practices of MNCs are likely to be more complex and diverse. For instance, complex salary and income taxation issues are likely to arise in acquisitions because their pay policies and practices have to be administered to many different groups of subsidiaries and employees, located in different countries. Managing this diversity may generate a number of co-ordination and communication problems that do not arise in domestic firms. In recognition of these difficulties, most large international companies retain the services of a major accounting firm to ensure there is no tax incentive or disincentive associated with a particular international assignment. Finally, there are more stakeholders that influence the HRM policies and practices of international firms than those of domestic firms. The major stakeholders in private organizations are the shareholders and the employees. But one could also think of unions, consumer organizations and other pressure groups. These pressure groups also exist in domestic firms, but they often put more pressure on foreign than on local companies. This probably means that international companies need to be more risk averse and concerned with the social and political environment than domestic firms. Acquisitions and HRM Practices: Evidence from Japan, the US, and Europe In contemporary context, international human resource management faces important challenges, and this trend characterizes many Japanese, US and European acquisitions.   From the critical point of view, Japanese companies experience more problems associated with international human resource management than companies from the US and Europe (Shibuya, 2000). Lack of home-country personnel sufficient international manage ­ment skills has been widely recognized in literature as the most difficult problem facing Japanese compa ­nies and simultaneously one of the most significant of US and European acquisitions as well. The statement implies that cultivating such skills is difficult and that they are relatively rare among businessmen in any country. Japanese companies may be particularly prone to this problem due to their heavy use of home-country nationals in overseas management positions. European and Japanese acquisitions also experience the lack of home country personnel who want to work abroad, while it is less of an impediment for the US companies. In the US acquisitions expatriates often experience reentry difficulties (e.g., career disruption) when re ­turning to the home country: This problem was the one most often cited by US firms.   Today Japanese corporations report the relatively lower incidence of expatriate reentry diffi ­culties, and it is surprising given the vivid accounts of such problems at Japanese firms by White (1988) and Umezawa (1990). However, the more active role of the Japanese person ­nel department in coordinating career paths, the tradition of semi ­annual musical-chair-like personnel shuffles (jinji idoh), and the continu ­ing efforts of Japanese stationed overseas to maintain close contact with headquarters might underlie the lower level of difficulties in this area for Japanese firms (Inohara, 2001). In contrast, the decentralized structures of many US and European firms may serve to isolate expatriates from their home-country headquarters, making reentry more problematic. Also, recent downsiz ­ing at US and European firms may reduce the number of appropriate management positions for expatriates to return to, or may sever expatri ­ates relationships with colleagues and mentors at headquarters. Furthermore, within the context of the lifetime employment system, individ ­ual Japanese employees have little to gain by voicing reentry concerns to personnel managers. In turn, personnel managers need not pay a great deal of attention to reentry problems because they will usually not result in a resignation. In western firms, reentry problems need to be taken more seriously by personnel managers because they frequently result in the loss of a valued employee. A further possible explanation for the higher incidence of expatriate reentry problems in western multinationals is the greater tendency of those companies to implement a policy of transferring local nationals to headquarters or other international operations. Under such a policy, the definition of expatriate expands beyond home-country nationals to en ­compass local nationals who transfer outside their home countries. It may even be that local nationals who return to a local operation after working at headquarters or other international operations may have their own special varieties of reentry problems. Literature on international human resource practices in Japan, the US and Europe suggest that the major strategic difficulty for the MNCs is to attract high-caliber local nationals to work for the company. In general, acquisitions may face greater challenges in hiring high-caliber local employees than do domestic firms due to lack of name recognition and fewer relationships with educators or others who might recommend candidates. However, researchers suggest that this issue is significantly more difficult for Japanese than for US and European multinationals. When asked to describe problems encoun ­tered in establishing their US affiliates, 39.5% of the respondents to a Japan Society survey cited finding qualified American managers to work in the affiliate and 30.8% cited hiring a qualified workforce (Bob ; SRI, 2001). Similarly, a survey of Japanese companies operating in the US conducted by a human resource consulting firm found that 35% felt recruiting personnel to be very difficult or extremely difficult, and 56% felt it to be difficult (The Wyatt Company, 1999). In addition to mentioned problem, Japanese acquisition encounter high local employee turnover, which is significantly more prob ­lematic for them due to the near-total absence of turnover to which they are accustomed in Japan. The US, European and Japanese companies admit very rarely that they encounter local legal challenges to their personnel policies. However, in regard to Japanese acquisitions large   amount of press coverage has been given to lawsuits against Japanese companies in the United States and a Japanese Ministry of Labor Survey in which 57% of the 331 respondents indicated that they were facing potential equal employ ­ment opportunity-related lawsuits in the United States (Shibuya, 2000). Conclusion This research investigates whether corporate acquisitions with shared technological resources or participation in similar product markets realize superior economic returns in comparison with unrelated acquisitions. The rationale for superior economic performance in related acquisitions derives from the synergies that are expected through a combination of supplementary or complementary resources. It is clear from the results of this research that acquired firms in related acquisitions have higher returns than acquired firms in unrelated acqui ­sitions. This implies that the related acquired firm benefits more from the acquirer than the unrelated acquired firm. The higher returns for the related acquired firms suggest that the combination with the acquirer’s resources has higher value implications than the combination of two unrelated firms. This is supported by the higher total wealth gains which were observed in related acquisitions. I did however, in the case of acquiring firms, find that the abnormal returns directly attributable to the acquisition transaction are not significant. There are reasons to believe that the announcement effects of the transaction on the returns to acquirers are less easily detected than for target firms. First, an acquisition by a firm affects only part of its businesses, while affecting all the assets (in control-oriented acqui ­sitions) of the target firm. Thus the measurability of effects on acquirers is attenuated. Second, if an acquisition is one event in a series of implicit moves constituting a diversification program, its individual effect as a market signal would be mitigated. It is also likely that the theoretical argument which postulates that related acquisitions create wealth for acquirers may be underspecified. Relatedness is often multifaceted, suggesting that the resources of the target firm may be of value to many firms, thus increasing the relative bargaining power of the target vis-a-vis the potential buyers. Even in the absence of explicit competition for the target (multiple bidding), the premiums paid for control are a substantial fraction of the total gains available from the transaction. For managers, some implications from the research can be offered. First, it seems quite clear from the data that a firm seeking to be acquired will realize higher returns if it is sold to a related than an unrelated firm. This counsel is consistent with the view that the market recognizes synergistic combinations and values them accordingly. Second, managers in acquiring firms may be advised to scrutinize carefully the expected gains in related and unrelated acquisitions. For managers the issue of concern is not whether or not a given kind of acquisition creates a significant total amount of wealth, but what percentage of that wealth they can expect to accrue to their firms. Thus, although acquisitions involving related technologies or product market yield higher total gains, pricing mechanisms in the market for corporate acquisitions reflect the gains primarily on the target company. Interpreting these results conservatively, one may offer the argument that expected gains for acquiring firms are competed away in the bidding process, with stockholders of target firms obtaining high proportions of the gains. On a pragmatic level this research underscores the need to combine what may be called the theoretical with the practical. In the case of acquisitions, pragmatic issues like implicit and explicit competition for a target firm alter the theoretical expectations of gains from an acquisition transaction. Further efforts to clarify these issues theoretically and empirically will increase our understanding of these important phenomena. Bibliography Sharpe WF. 1964. Capital asset prices: a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance 19: 425-442 Markowitz H. 1952. Portfolio selections. Journal of Finance 7: 77-91 Grossman W, Hoskisson R. 1998. CEO pay at the crossroads of Wall Street and Main: toward the strategic design of executive compensation. Academy of Management Executive 12: 43-57 Amihud Y, Lev B. 1999. Does corporate ownership structure affect its strategy towards diversification? Strategic Management Journal 20(11): 1063-1069 Agrawal A, Mandelker G. 1987. Managerial incentives and corporate investment and financing decisions. Journal of Finance 42: 823-837 Wright P, Ferris S, Sarin A, Awasthi V. 1996. The impact of corporate insider, blockholder, and institutional equity ownership on firm risk-taking. Academy of Management Journal 39: 441-463 McConnell JJ, Servaes H. 1990. Additional evidence on equity ownership and corporate value. Journal of Financial Economics 27: 595-612. Shivdasani A. 1993. Board composition, ownership structure, and hostile takeovers. Journal of Accounting and Economics 16: 167-198 Stulz RM. 1988. Managerial control of voting rights: financing policies and the market for corporate control. Journal of Financial Economics 20: 25-54 Varaiya N. 1987. Determinants of premiums in acquisition transactions. Managerial and Decision Economics 14: 175-184 Collis D, Montgomery C. 1998. Creating corporate advantage. Harvard Business Review 76(3): 71-83 White, M. 1988. The Japanese overseas: Can they go home again? New York: The Free Press. Bob, D., ; SRI International. 2001. Japanese companies in American communities. New York: The Japan Society.